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The molecule of the title compound, [Co(C8H6NO4)2(H2O)4], is centrosymmetric. It is a cobalt(II) complex, bearing two (2-nitrophenyl)acetate and four aqua ligands. The coordination around the CoII atom is distorted octahedral, defined by four O atoms of water molecules in the equatorial plane and by two carboxylate O atoms at axial positions. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the acetate and nitro groups are 61.90 (10) and 19.21 (11)°, respectively. The water molecules form O—H...O hydrogen bonds with the nitro and carboxylate groups, leading to a layered structural arrangement parallel to (001).