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The accurate diagnosis and identification of <i>Leishmania</i> species are crucial for the therapeutic selection and effective treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to develop and evaluate the use of high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM)-PCR for <i>Leishmania</i> species identification causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Indian subcontinent. Two multi-copy targets (ITS-1 and 7SL-RNA genes) were selected, and an HRM-PCR assay was established using <i>L. donovani</i>, <i>L. major</i>, and <i>L. tropica</i> standard strain DNA. The assay was applied on 93 clinical samples with confirmed <i>Leishmania</i> infection, including VL (<i>n</i> = 30), PKDL (<i>n</i> = 50), and CL (<i>n</i> = 13) cases. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR assay detected as little as 0.01 pg of template DNA for <i>L. major</i> and up to 0.1 pg for <i>L. donovani</i> and <i>L. tropica</i>. The detection limit for the 7SL-RNA HRM-PCR was 1 pg for <i>L. major</i> and 10 pg for <i>L. donovani</i> and <i>L. tropica</i>. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR identified 68 out of 93 (73.11%) leishmaniasis cases, whereas 7SL-RNA HRM-PCR could only detect 18 out of 93 (19.35%) cases. A significant correlation was observed between the kDNA-based low Ct values and ITS-1 HRM-PCR positivity in the VL (<i>p</i> = 0.007), PKDL (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), and CL (<i>p</i> = 0.03) samples. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR assay could identify <i>Leishmania</i> spp. causing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent, providing rapid and accurate results that can guide clinical management and treatment decisions.