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Bladder pain syndrome is an important chronic pain syndrome which seriously reduces the patients’ quality of life. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is defined as a clinical diagnosis composed of chronic (>6 months) pain/pressure/discomfort that is primarly perceived from the bladder and/or pelvis, and accompanied by urgency and/or frequency of urination. Throughout this paper, the definition, characteristic features, diagnostic tests and attempts, interpretation of the findings and the different treatment algorithms suggested by different organizations will be discussed.