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Cell photoacoustic detection faces the problem where the strength of the sound wave signal is so weak that it easily gets interfered by other acoustic signals. A sonic triode model based on an artificial periodic structure is designed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software (Stockholm, Sweden), and software simulations are conducted. Experiments show that when a sound wave with a specific frequency is input by the sound wave triode, it can produce an energy amplification effect on the sound wave signals of the same frequency and a blocking effect on the sound wave signals of other frequencies. This contrast effect is more obvious after increasing the sound pressure intensity of the input sound wave signal. It can effectively filter out interference sound signals. The study of the acoustic triode model provides a new approach for the acquisition and identification of acoustic signals in cell photoacoustic detection, which can significantly improve the working efficiency and accuracy of cell photoacoustic detection.