Long-term antiretroviral therapy initiated in acute HIV infection prevents residual dysfunction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
oleh: Hiroshi Takata, Juyeon C. Kakazu, Julie L. Mitchell, Eugene Kroon, Donn J. Colby, Carlo Sacdalan, Hongjun Bai, Philip K. Ehrenberg, Aviva Geretz, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Jintana Intasan, Somporn Tipsuk, Duanghathai Suttichom, Peeriya Prueksakaew, Thep Chalermchai, Nitiya Chomchey, Nittaya Phanuphak, Mark de Souza, Nelson L. Michael, Merlin L. Robb, Elias K. Haddad, Trevor A Crowell, Sandhya Vasan, Victor G. Valcour, Daniel C. Douek, Rasmi Thomas, Morgane Rolland, Nicolas Chomont, Jintanat Ananworanich, Lydie Trautmann, Nipat Teeratakulpisarn, Supanit Pattanachaiwit, Somchai Sriplienchan, Ponpen Tantivitayakul, Ratchapong Kanaprach, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, Suthat Chottanapund, Kultida Poltavee, Tassanee Luekasemsuk, Hathairat Savadsuk, Suwanna Puttamsawin, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Nisakorn Ratnaratorn, Kamonkan Tangnaree, Chutharat Munkong, Rommanus Thaimanee, Patcharin Eamyoung, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Sukalya Lerdlum, Sopark Manasnayakorn, Rugsun Rerknimitr, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Phandee Wattanaboonyongcharoen, Jessica Cowden, Alexandra Schuetz, Siriwat Akapirat, Nampueng Churikanont, Saowanit Getchalarat, Denise Hsu, Ellen Turk, Oratai Butterworth, Mark Milazzo, Leigh Anne Eller, Julie Ake, Leigh Anne Eller, Serena Spudich, CAPT Lawrence Fox, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Victor DeGruttola, Yotin Chinvarun, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, James Fletcher, Bruce Shiramizu, Alexandra Schuetz
| Format: | Article |
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| Diterbitkan: | Elsevier 2022-10-01 |
Deskripsi
Summary: Background: Harnessing CD8+ T cell responses is being explored to achieve HIV remission. Although HIV-specific CD8+ T cells become dysfunctional without treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially restores their function. However, the extent of this recovery under long-term ART is less understood. Methods: We analyzed the differentiation status and function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells after long-term ART initiated in acute or chronic HIV infection ex vivo and upon in vitro recall. Findings: ART initiation in any stage of acute HIV infection promoted the persistence of long-lived HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with high expansion (P<0·0008) and cytotoxic capacity (P=0·02) after in vitro recall, albeit at low cell number (P=0·003). This superior expansion capacity correlated with stemness (r=0·90, P=0·006), measured by TCF-1 expression, similar to functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells found in spontaneous controllers. Importanly, TCF-1 expression in these cells was associated with longer time to viral rebound ranging from 13 to 48 days after ART interruption (r =0·71, P=0·03). In contrast, ART initiation in chronic HIV infection led to more differentiated HIV-specific CD8+ T cells lacking stemness properties and exhibiting residual dysfunction upon recall, with reduced proliferation and cytolytic activity. Interpretation: ART initiation in acute HIV infection preserves functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, albeit at numbers too low to control viral rebound post-ART. HIV remission strategies may need to boost HIV-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and induce stem cell-like properties to reverse the residual dysfunction persisting on ART in people treated after acute infection prior to ART release. Funding: U.S. National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Defense.