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Aphids are typical phloem-sucking insect pests. A good understanding regarding their feeding behavior and population dynamics are critical for evaluating host adaptation and screening of aphid-resistant resources. Herein, the adaptability of <i>Toxoptera aurantii</i> (Boyer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to different hosts was evaluated via electropenetrography and an age-stage, two-sex life table on six tea germplasms: Zikui (ZK), Zhongcha108 (ZC108), Zhongcha111 (ZC111), Qianmei419 (QM419), Meitan5 (MT5), and Fudingdabaicha (FD). Our findings revealed that the feeding activities of <i>T. aurantii</i> differed considerably among the host plants. <i>T. aurantii</i> exhibited significantly more pathway activities on ZK and FD than on the other hosts. However, the duration of feeding of <i>T. aurantii</i> on ZK phloem considerably decreased compared with those of the other germplasms. Life parameters indicated that <i>T. aurantii</i> exhibited the highest intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), net reproductive rate (<i>R</i>₀), and finite rate of increase (<i>λ</i>) on MT5, and the maximum values of total longevity and oviposition period were recorded on FD; these variables were reduced significantly on ZK. The results of our study demonstrate that <i>T. aurantii</i> can successfully survive on the six tea germplasms; however, ZK was less suitable for <i>T. aurantii</i> and should be considered as a potential source of resistance in breeding and Integrated Pest Management.