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From the perspective of philosophy, the article analyzes the basic contents of educational philosophy by Karl Jaspers, one of the typical philosophers of existentialism of the twentieth century. According to Karl Jaspers, the aim of education is to educate people with liberal thinking and capable of self-determination. To achieve this aim educational programs should focus on teaching understanding of life, the natural world and ourselves, and at the same time value the role of democratic dialogues, the character actors of both teachers and learners in the teaching - learning process. Besides making remarks about the value and limitations of this educational philosophy, the article initially mentioned the value approach to Vietnam education today.