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Background: The medical and economic problem of thalassaemia are considered to be a vast public health problem in the thalas­saemia belt countries, emphasizing more on prenatal diagnosis as the solution of the problem. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Institute of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine lo­cated in Medical College, Kolkata, India to assess the socio-demographic profile, clinical presentation, expenditure for treat­ment of thalassaemia patients and awareness about cause and prevention of the disease. Results: Thalassaemia patients attended the Govt. setting were mostly from lower socioeconomic status with low level of liter­acy. Annual expenditure for treatment of thalassaemia ranged from $ 108 to 432; depending on type of treatment with av­er­age cost per transfusion was $ 5.2±2.2.  Average 18.5%±14.3 of the total annual income was spent on the treatment for tha­lassae­mia. Average man days or school days lost for the patients was 29.87±18.5 and 19.07±12.7 for the accompanying persons. Conclusion: Blood transfusion and carrier screening facilities should be decentralized to decrease the expenditure for treat­ment and alleviate the harassment of the families. Folate and calcium tablets, hepatitis B vaccination can be made available at government setting free of cost.