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Abstract Aims To understand the status quo of self‐directed learning ability, self‐efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students, since the closed management mode was implemented during COVID‐19 pandemic disease. Design Cross‐sectional study. Methods Participants came from 3,051 junior nursing college students of a college in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Data were collected by online questionnaire and analysed by SPSS25.0 (a statistical package for social science) and AMOS24.0 software. Results High self‐directed learning ability and self‐efficacy were related to low levels of academic burnout (p < .01). In addition, the analysis of mediation effect indicated that the influence of self‐directed learning ability on academic burnout was not mediated by self‐efficacy.