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Objective To compare effects of compound α-ketoacids on quality of life(QOL) and self-perceived burden(SPB) of diabetes patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Methods Totally 86 diabetes patients received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) for more than 3 months in Friendship Hospital were divided into observation group (n=44) and treatment group (n=42). After 6 months of treatment, the quality of life of both groups was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-brief Form Questionnaire(WHOQOL-BREF) and the self-perceived burden was assessed with the Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS). Results After 6 months, the glycosylated hemoglobin in the treatment group was 5.72%±1.03%, which was significantly lower than 6.70%±1.17% found in observation group. The physiological field, environmental field and total score of treatment group was significantly higher than those in observation group(P＜0.05), and there was no difference was found self-perceived burden. Conclusions Simultaneous administration of peritoneal dialysis plus compound α-ketoacids supplement may significantly improve the quality of life of diabetes patients.