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As a traditional Chinese medicine, <i>Patrinia scabiosifolia</i> Link has been used to treat various inflammatory-related diseases, and recent studies have shown that it possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, phytochemical investigation on whole plants of <i>P. scabiosifolia</i> were carried out, which led to the isolation of two new iridoid glucosides, patriniscabiosides A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), together with six known compounds (<b>3</b>–<b>8</b>). The structural elucidation of all compounds was performed by HRESIMS and extensive spectroscopic analyses including IR, 1D, 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity using the NF-κB-Dependent Reporter Gene Expression Assay, and compound <b>3</b> displayed anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, with an inhibitory rate of 73.44% at a concentration of 10 μM.