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Aquaporins are a group of Tran membrane proteins, which function as molecular water channels. They were discovered by Agre and co-workers. Five Aquaporin pro-teins (AQPJ,2,3,4,6) are presently known to be expressed in the kidney with definite localization. Regarding three additional Aquaporins (AQP7, 8 and 10) the exact cellu-lar localization is not yet determined, but they are shown to be expressed at mRNA level in the kidney. The research on Aquaporins is providing molecular insight into the understanding of fundamental aspects of water balance in health and disease states.