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An auxiliary protection device (rail holding mechanism) was proposed to control the collision attitude of subway vehicles. The dynamics model of head-on collision of subway vehicles was established and verified by the full-scale collision test of the real car; then the force element structure of the rail holding mechanism was equated; finally, the vertical lift and the pitch angle of the three characteristic sections of car body and the wheelsets were used as the evaluation indicators to study the effects of the three design parameters: the gap distance (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), the linear stage distance (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mo> </mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and the stiffness of linear stage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The results show that the linear stage distance has little influence on the collision attitude of the car body, while the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> had a greater influence on the collision attitude of the car body. The reasonable reduction of the gap distance <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and increase the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can effectively reduce the vertical lift of the wheelsets and alleviate the nodding phenomenon of the train, and reduce the derailment and jumping phenomenon during the train collision.