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Characterization of <i>Bacillus</i> Strains from Natural Honeybee Products with High Keratinolytic Activity and Antimicrobial Potential
oleh: Diego Martín-González, Sergio Bordel, Selvin Solis, Jorge Gutierrez-Merino, Fernando Santos-Beneit
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-02-01 |
Deskripsi
Two efficient feather-degrading bacteria were isolated from honeybee samples and identified as <i>Bacillus sonorensis</i> and <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> based on 16S rRNA and genome sequencing. The strains were able to grow on chicken feathers as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources and degraded the feathers in a few days. The highest keratinase activity was detected by the <i>B. licheniformis</i> CG1 strain (3800 U × mL<sup>−1</sup>), followed by <i>B. sonorensis</i> AB7 (1450 U × mL<sup>−1</sup>). Keratinase from <i>B. licheniformis</i> CG1 was shown to be active across a wide range of pH, potentially making this strain advantageous for further industrial applications. All isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>; however, only <i>B. licheniformis</i> CG1 was able to inhibit the growth of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>. In silico analysis using BAGEL and antiSMASH identified gene clusters associated with the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), polyketide synthases (PKSs) and/or ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in most of the <i>Bacillus</i> isolates. <i>B. licheniformis</i> CG1, the only strain that inhibited the growth of the mycobacterial strain, contained sequences with 100% similarity to lichenysin (also present in the other isolates) and lichenicidin (only present in the CG1 strain). Both compounds have been described to display antimicrobial activity against distinct bacteria. In summary, in this work, we have isolated a strain (<i>B. licheniformis</i> CG1) with promising potential for use in different industrial applications, including animal nutrition, leather processing, detergent formulation and feather degradation.