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Post-translational modification (PTM) leads to conformational changes in protein structure, modulates the biological function of proteins, and, consequently, changes the signature of metabolic transformations and the immune response in the body. Common PTMs are reversible and serve as a mechanism for modulating metabolic trans-formations in cells. It is likely that dysregulation of post-translational cellular signaling leads to abnormal proliferation and oncogenesis. We examined protein PTMs in the blood samples from patients with kidney cancer. Conformational changes in proteins after modification were analyzed. The proteins were analyzed using ultra-high resolution HPLC-MS/MS and structural analysis was performed with the AMBER and GROMACS software packages. Fifteen proteins containing PTMs were identified in blood samples from patients with kidney cancer. For proteins with PDB structures, a comparative analysis of the structural changes accompanying the modifications was performed. Results revealed that PTMs are localized in stable and compact space protein globule motifs that are exposed to a solvent. The phenomenon of modification is accompanied, as a rule, by an increase in the area available for the solvent of the modified amino acid residue and its active environment.