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Somatic mmbryogenesis receptor-like kinase (<i>SERK</i>) is a kind of protein kinase widely distributed in plants. It plays a vital role in regulating plant immunity and responses to abiotic stress. The SERK gene family has not been systematically studied in moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>). In this study, we identified six <i>PeSERK</i> genes and classified them into four groups in moso bamboo. PeSERKs of each group shared a highly similar distribution of conserved domains. Cis-element analysis indicated that many stress and hormone response elements are distributed on the promoters of <i>PeSERKs</i>. Moreover, we analyzed the chromosomal locations and synteny of <i>PeSERKs</i>. A collinear gene pair, <i>PeSERK1</i> and <i>PeSERK3</i>, shared a high similarity, 93%, and the expression analysis showed similar expression patterns. Compared to <i>PeSERK3</i>, <i>PeSERK1</i> had a higher expression in all tissues examined and all stages of shoot development. <i>PeSERK3</i> was expressed mainly in leaf sheaths but with a low expression in other tissues. The expressions of <i>PeSERKs</i> were analyzed in seedlings under abiotic and hormone treatments using qRT-PCR. Except for <i>PeSERK1</i> and <i>PeSERK3</i>, the expressions of most genes were downregulated or had no big difference at 0 h of drought treatment. Under drought treatment, <i>PeSERK1</i> and <i>PeSERK3</i> had a similar expression trend of increasing first and then decreasing. However, the expression level of <i>PeSERK3</i> was higher than <i>PeSERK1</i> after 3 h of drought treatment. <i>PeSERK3</i> might play a more vital role in the drought stress response than <i>PeSERK1</i>. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the <i>SERK</i> response to stress conditions in moso bamboo.