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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different compound probiotics on the performance, cecal microflora, and intestinal immunity of laying hens. A total of 270 Jing Fen No.6 (22-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: basal diet (CON); basal diet supplemented with 6% fermented feed A by <i>Bacillus</i><i>subtilis,</i><i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Yeast</i> (FA); and with 6% fermented feed B by <i>C. butyricum</i> and <i>L. salivarius</i> (FB). Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, β-glucan concentrations, and pH value in fermented feed were lower than the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the experimental groups was decreased, while albumen height and Haugh unit were increased, compared with the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fermented feed could upregulate the expression of the signal pathway (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) to inhibit mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fermented feed promoted the level of <i>Romboutsia</i> (in the FA group) <i>Butyricicoccus</i> (in the FB group), and other beneficial bacteria, and reduced opportunistic pathogens, such as <i>Enterocooccus</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations showed that the above bacteria were closely related to albumen height and intestinal immunity. In summary, fermented feed can decrease the feed conversion ratio, and improve the performance and intestinal immunity of laying hens, which may be related to the improvement of the cecal microflora structure.