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The genus <i>Vibrio</i> is ubiquitous in marine environments and uses numerous evolutionary characteristics and survival strategies in order to occupy its niche. Here, a newly identified species, <i>Vibrio fujianensis</i>, was deeply explored to reveal a unique environmental adaptability. <i>V. fujianensis</i> type strain FJ201301^T shared 817 core genes with the <i>Vibrio</i> species in the population genomic analysis, but possessed unique genes of its own. In addition, <i>V. fujianensis</i> FJ201301^T was predicated to carry 106 virulence-related factors, several of which were mostly found in other pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> species. Moreover, a comparative transcriptome analysis between the low-salt (1% NaCl) and high-salt (8% NaCl) condition was conducted to identify the genes involved in salt tolerance. A total of 913 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed. In a high-salt condition, 577 genes were significantly upregulated, whereas 336 unigenes were significantly downregulated. Notably, differentially expressed genes have a significant association with ribosome structural component and ribosome metabolism, which may play a role in salt tolerance. Transcriptional changes in ribosome genes indicate that <i>V. fujianensis</i> may have gained a predominant advantage in order to adapt to the changing environment. In conclusion, to survive in adversity, <i>V. fujianensis</i> has enhanced its environmental adaptability and developed various strategies to fill its niche.