Effect of Yttrium and Yttria Addition in Self-Passivating WCr SMART Material for First-Wall Application in a Fusion Power Plant

oleh: Jie Chen, Elena Tejado, Marcin Rasiński, Andrey Litnovsky, Duc Nguyen-Manh, Eric Prestat, Tamsin Whitfield, Jose Ygnacio Pastor, Martin Bram, Jan Willem Coenen, Christian Linsmeier, Jesus Gonzalez-Julian

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-09-01

Deskripsi

The self-passivating yttrium-containing WCr alloy has been developed and researched as a potential plasma-facing armour material for fusion power plants. This study explores the use of yttria (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) powders instead of yttrium elemental powders in the mechanical alloying process to assess their applicability for this material. Fabricated through field-assisted sintering, WCr-Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ingots show Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cr-containing oxides (Cr-O and Y-Cr-O) dispersed at grain boundaries (GBs), while WCrY ingots contain Y-O particles at grain boundaries, both resulting from unavoidable oxidation during fabrication. WCr-Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> demonstrates higher flexural strength than WCrY across all temperature ranges, ranging from 850 to 1050 MPa, but lower fracture toughness, between 3 and 4 MPa·√m. Enhanced oxidation resistance is observed in WCr-Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with lower mass gain as compared to WCrY during the 20-hour oxidation test. This study confirms the effectiveness of both yttria and yttrium in the reactive element effect (REE) for the passivation of WCr alloy, suggesting the potential of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-doped WCr for first wall applications in a fusion power plant.