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<i>Camellia oleifera</i> Abel, one of the most valuable woody oil plants, has been widely cultivated for extracting edible oil. The shell of <i>C. oleifera</i> is a by-product generated in the processing of edible oil extraction. However, there is still limited research on the maturity and high-value resource utilization of shell by-products. We found that the <i>C. oleifera</i> ‘Huashuo’ (HS) fruit shells contained a high content of catechins. Abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) enhanced the accumulation of catechins in <i>C. oleifera</i> fruit shells, providing a basis for production and application of the catechins in fruit shells of <i>C. oleifera</i>. We further found that 500 μM ABA and 900 μM MeJA significantly promoted the accumulation of catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) in fruit shells. Following treatment with 900 μM MeJA, the expressions of <i>CoPAL1</i>, <i>CoC4H1</i>, <i>CoC4H2</i>, <i>CoC4H3</i>, <i>Co4CL1</i>, <i>Co4CL2</i>, <i>CoF3′H1</i>, <i>CoLAR1</i>, <i>CoLAR2</i>, <i>CoLAR3</i>, <i>CoANR2</i>, and <i>CoANRL2</i> were significantly upregulated, while after 500 μM ABA treatment the expressions of <i>CoPAL3</i>, <i>CoCHS1</i>, <i>CoCHS4</i>, <i>CoF3′H1</i>, <i>CoDFR</i>, <i>CoLAR1</i>, <i>CoLAR2</i>, <i>CoLAR3</i>, <i>CoANS1</i>, <i>CoANR1</i>, and <i>CoANR2</i> increased dramatically. These results indicate that appropriate concentrations of ABA and MeJA activate C and EC biosynthesis and promote their accumulation in fruit shells. Our results provide new ideas and guidance for promoting the resource utilization of <i>C. oleifera</i> fruit shells.