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SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with glutamate were investigated for their ability to alleviate oxidative stress caused by prolonged exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The study involved ten different groups, each consisting of eight animals, to examine the effects of H2O2 -induced oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that exposure to H2O2 stress oxidative biomarkers were altered accompanied with a loss of spatial learning and memory in rats performing the Morris water maze task. Furthermore, SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with L-glutamic acid alleviated the H2O2-induced acceleration of necrotic and degenerative cell changes in the hippocampus, subiculum, caudate-putamen, and frontal cortex. Additionally, L-glutamic acid-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles reduced the redox imbalance and interfered with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities induced by H2O2.