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Introduction: The rise in prevalence of dental caries in developing countries is mainly because oral health care system mostly focuses on curative care. The community-based prevention and oral health promotion have not been systematically implemented. Aims: The present study is designed to assess the magnitude and determinants of dental caries in school children in Jaipur district. Materials and Methods: A list of government and private schools was procured from Office of Basic Shiksha Adhikari. Four schools each, in urban and rural areas, were selected by simple random sampling. All children belonging to class 1 st to 5 th standard, available at the time of study, were included as study unit. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on family characteristics, individual characteristics, and their food consumption patterns. The subjects were examined on an upright chair in adequate natural light to detect dental caries. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using statistical package for social services (SPSS) version 11.5. Chi-square test was used to find out the significant association between prevalence of dental caries and demographic and individual characteristics. Results: A total of 564 children of 1 st to 5 th standard participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of dental caries was found to be 67.11%. Mother′s education, residence, consumption of more sweets per week or more chocolates/toffees per day were the statistically significant factors associated with dental caries. Conclusions: Children belonging to rural area, consuming more sweets and chocolates, and whose mothers were less educated had higher prevalence of dental caries. As a preventive strategy, there is a need to implement health education program for maintaining good oral hygiene.