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The title compound, C11H9N3O4S·H2O, contains both an acid and a base centre and displays a zwitterionic structure. There are two independent molecules and two water molecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the pyridinium ring are 109.7 (1) and 110.7 (1)°. The dihedral angles between the nitro group and the benzene ring are 116.1 (2) and 116.7 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds.