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Solvothermal Synthesis of Rare Earth Bisphthalocyanines
oleh: Lina M. Bolivar-Pineda, Carlos U. Mendoza-DomÃnguez, Petra Rudolf, Elena V. Basiuk, Vladimir A. Basiuk
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-06-01 |
Deskripsi
Rare earth bisphthalocyanines (MPc<sub>2</sub>) are of particular interest because of their behavior as single-molecular magnets, which makes them suitable for applications in molecular spintronics, high-density data storage and quantum computation. Nevertheless, MPc<sub>2</sub> are not commercially available, and the synthesis routes are mainly focused on obtaining substituted phthalocyanines. Two preparation routes depend on the precursor: synthesis from phthalonitrile (PN) and the metalation of free or dilithium phthalocyanine (H<sub>2</sub>Pc and Li<sub>2</sub>Pc). In both options, byproducts such as free-base phthalocyanine and in the first route additional PN oligomers are generated, which influence the MPc<sub>2</sub> yield. There are three preparation methods for these routes: heating, microwave radiation and reflux. In this research, solvothermal synthesis was applied as a new approach to prepare yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium and terbium unsubstituted bisphthalocyanines using Li<sub>2</sub>Pc and the rare earth(III) acetylacetonates. Purification by sublimation gave high product yields compared to those reported, namely 68% for YPc<sub>2</sub>, 43% for LaPc<sub>2</sub>, 63% for GdPc<sub>2</sub> and 62% for TbPc<sub>2</sub>, without any detectable presence of H<sub>2</sub>Pc. Characterization by infrared, Raman, ultraviolet–visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis revealed the main featuresof the four bisphthalocyanines, indicating the success of the synthesis of the complexes.