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Resilience is characterized by effective coping with stressful events and depends on the specific characteristics of stressful situations and individuals, as well as the interaction of the person and their human environment. Resilience in health has been conceptualized as the ability to maintain good health in the midst of great adversity, a capacity that can emerge in relational development, acquiring in the environment. Research on established relationships between resilience and physical health is scarce; however, research on resilience and mental health is extensive, focusing mainly on psychological variables and pathologies such as stress, anxiety and depression. This paper reviews the positive impact on the physical and mental health of resilience from current knowledge.