Precision Dopaminergic Treatment in a Cohort of Parkinson’s Disease Patients Carrying Autosomal Recessive Gene Variants: Clinical Cohort Data and a Mini Review

oleh: Christos Koros, Athina-Maria Simitsi, Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Anastasia Bougea, Roubina Antonelou, Ioanna Pachi, Evangelos Sfikas, Evangelia Stanitsa, Efthalia Angelopoulou, Vasilios C. Constantinides, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Constantin Potagas, Maria Stamelou, Leonidas Stefanis

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-07-01

Deskripsi

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients harboring recessive gene variants exhibit a distinct clinical phenotype with an early disease onset and relatively mild symptoms. Data concerning individualized therapy for autosomal recessive PD forms are still scarce. Methods: Demographic and treatment data of a cohort of PD carriers of recessive genes (nine homozygous or compound heterozygous <i>PRKN</i> carriers, four heterozygous <i>PRKN</i> carriers, and three biallelic <i>PINK1</i> carriers) were evaluated. Results: The average levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was 806.8 ± 453.5 (range 152–1810) in <i>PRKN</i> carriers and 765 ± 96.6 (range 660–850) in <i>PINK1</i> carriers. The majority responded to low/moderate doses of levodopa. The response to dopamine agonists (DAs) was often favorable both as initial and longitudinal therapy. In total, 8/13 <i>PRKN</i> and 1/3 <i>PINK1</i> carriers were treated with amantadine successfully, and this also applied to patients who could not tolerate levodopa or DAs. Conclusions: In the era of personalized treatment, the therapeutic approach in recessive PD gene carriers might differ as compared to idiopathic PD. Lower LEDD doses were efficient even in patients with a very long disease duration, while a few patients were doing well without any levodopa treatment decades after disease initiation. DAs or amantadine could be used as a first and main line treatment regimen if well tolerated. Literature data on therapeutic strategies in carriers of pathogenic mutations in recessive PD genes, including device-aided treatments, will be further discussed.