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One of the specific features of transportation facilities design is the necessity to account changing environmental conditions in considerable distances along the track. The purpose of the study is theoretical substantiation of structural decomposition of linear structures based on the degree of uniformity of environmental factors effect on the geotechnical system of an object. A new approach to linear road zoning is suggested on the basis of comprehensive assessment of multidimensional spatial data on the environment. Theory of pattern recognition is used as a classification tool. Linear structure taxonomy, as a part of this theory, is based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms which provide consequential merge of operating territorial units into uniform linear complexes. Application of taxonomy methods is considered for automated tasks solving on various levels of roads information modeling: when designing structures, organizing construction and operating a facility.