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A presentation of the historical and cultural circumstances surrounding the creation of the “Ateneo de la Juventud” (Atheneum of Youth) in 1909. It questions the commonly accepted thesis that positivism was “the official philosophy of the Porfiriato” from the standpoint of a new conception of the positivist paradigm, and analyzing the three theses which have been put forward about the function of this group in relation to the Mexican Revolution: a) that the Atheneists constituted an ideological antecedent of this movement; b) that they kept themselves apart from it; and c) that, to the contrary, positivism was an integral part of the revolutionary process.