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Patients who sustain concomitant fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known to have significantly quicker fracture-healing rates than patients with isolated fractures. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be identified. In the present study, we found that the upregulation of microRNA-92a-3p (miRNA-92a-3p) induced by TBI correlated with a decrease in integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP) expression in callus formation. In vitro, overexpressing miRNA-92a-3p inhibited IBSP expression and accelerated osteoblast differentiation, whereas silencing of miRNA-92a-3p inhibited osteoblast activity. A decrease in IBSP facilitated osteoblast differentiation via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/threonine kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Through luciferase assays, we found evidence that IBSP is a miRNA-92a-3p target gene that negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, the present study confirmed that pre-injection of agomiR-92a-3p leads to increased bone formation. Collectively, these results indicate that miRNA-92a-3p overexpression may be a key factor underlying the improved fracture healing observed in TBI patients. Upregulation of miRNA-92a-3p may therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting fracture healing and preventing nonunion.