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Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) consist of sensor nodes that are operated in the soil medium. To evaluate the signal attenuation law of WUSN nodes, in this study, a WUSN node signal transmission test platform was built in the laboratory. The signal intensity data of WUSN nodes under different experimental conditions were obtained by orthogonal test. The WUSN node signal attenuation model was established. The test results show that the transmission of WUSN node signals in the soil medium is seriously affected by soil moisture content, node burial depth, soil compactness, and horizontal distance between nodes. The <i>R</i>² of the models was between 0.790 and 0.893, and the RMSE of the models was between 2.489 and 4.192 dbm. Then, the WUSN node signal attenuation model involving the four factors was established. The <i>R</i>² and RMSE of the model were, respectively, 0.822 and 4.87 dbm. The WUSN node signal attenuation model established in this paper can facilitate WUSN node deployment.