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Vitamin D or cholecalciferol is active in the human body after two hydroxylation reactions. Once activated, it is involved in bone metabolism, but can also influence other biological processes such as cell growth and proliferation or angiogenesis. Studies conducted so far suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to analyze the effects of hypovitaminosis D as well as the administration of vitamin D rich supplements on the insulin resistance provided by the specialized literature.