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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with many long term health problems such as increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors. Several reports indicated that PCOS patients have lower vitamin D status compared to healthy subjects. In our study we aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency has effect on the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in PCOS. Material and Methods: Fourty eight patients with PCOS and 24 healthy controls were included in the study. Following the physical examination and anthropometric measurements of the patients and healthy subjects, glycemic control data, lipid values, parathormone, vitamin D status and hormonal parameters were studied. Results: In our study, vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PCOS patients (19.7±26.9 ng/mL) compared with controls (31.9±35 ng/mL, p