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One undescribed acylated flavonol glucoside and five known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Eryngium cymosum</i> F. Delaroche, a plant that is used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Chlorogenic acid (<b>1</b>), rosmarinic acid (<b>2</b>), caffeic acid (<b>3</b>), protocatechuic acid (<b>4</b>), kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-(2,6-<i>di</i>-<i>O</i>-<i>trans</i>-<i>ρ</i>-coumaryl)-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranoside (<b>5</b>), and the new acylated flavonol glucoside quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-(2,6-<i>di</i>-<i>O</i>-<i>trans</i>-<i>ρ</i>-coumaryl)-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranoside (<b>6</b>) were isolated. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-(2,6-<i>di</i>-<i>O</i>-<i>trans</i>-<i>ρ</i>-coumaryl)-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>6</b>). In addition, according to the HPLC profile obtained for the water extract (WE), chlorogenic acid (<b>1</b>) and rosmarinic acid (<b>2</b>) were identified as the main compounds, while kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-(2,6-<i>di</i>-<i>O</i>-<i>trans</i>-<i>ρ</i>-coumaryl)-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucopyranoside (<b>5</b>) were the main compound in the butanolic extract. We demonstrate the important role of compound <b>5</b> over the inhibition of G6Pase and FBPase. The isolated compounds may play an important role in the hypoglycemic effect of the extract and may act in a synergic way, but more experiments are needed to corroborate these findings.