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Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a specialform of chronic inflammation that is destruc-tive of affected organ. Xanthogranulomatous in-flammation of ovary and fallopian tube is an un-common entity and it is usually known to oc-cur in the kidney and gall bladder. Patients withxanthogranulomatous oophoritis present withlower abdominal or suprapubic pain, fever, men-orrhagia or vaginal bleeding, adnexal tendernessand a pelvic mass. This entity can be confusedwith ovarian tumour on clinical and radiologi-cal features. According to our search in the lit-erature 16 cases of xanthogranulomatousoophoritis have been reported.We report a 30 year old female, presented witha unilateral ovarian mass with clinical and ra-diological suspicion of ovarian tumour. Patientunderwent panhysterectomy, grossly the rightovary was enlarged and on cut section it wassolid with yellowish areas. Histopathologicalexamination revealed massive infiltration of theovarian tissue and fallopian tube by lipid-laden histiocytes admixed with mixed inflam-matory cell infiltrate suggestive ofxanthogranulomatous oophoritis. The case is ofinterest in the view of its rarity, also due to clini-cal and radiological resemblance to neoplasticlesion.