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We studied the taxonomy of <i>Pluteus podospileus</i> and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, <i>TEF1-α</i>) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of <i>P. inflatus</i> var. <i>alneus</i>, <i>Pluteus minutissimus</i> f. <i>major,</i> and <i>P. granulatus</i> var. <i>tenellus</i>. Within the <i>P. podospileus</i> complex, we phylogenetically confirmed six species in Europe, five in Asia, and eight in North America. Based on our results, we recognize <i>P. seticeps</i> as a separate species occurring in North America, while <i>P. podospileus</i> is limited to Eurasia. We describe six new species and a new variety: <i>P. absconditus</i>, <i>P. fuscodiscus</i>, <i>P. gausapatus</i>, <i>P. inexpectatus</i>, <i>P. millsii,</i> and <i>P. notabilis</i> and its variety, <i>P. notabilis</i> var. <i>insignis</i>. We elevate <i>Pluteus seticeps</i> var. <i>cystidiosus</i> to species rank as <i>Pluteus cystidiosus</i>. Based on the holotype of <i>P. inflatus</i> var. <i>alneus</i>, collections of <i>P. inflatus</i> identified by Velenovský, and several modern collections, we resurrect the name <i>P. inflatus</i>. Based on molecular analyses of syntypes of <i>Pluteus minutissimus</i> f. <i>major</i> and a holotype of <i>Pluteus granulatus</i> var. <i>tenellus</i>, we synonymize them under <i>P. inflatus</i>. We also increase our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of <i>P. cutefractus</i>.