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The use of phenolic compounds, derived by plants, has recently emerged as a promising approach to prolong the lifespan by modulating metabolic pathways involved in aging. Phenolic compounds possess a broad spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological effects beneficial to human health such as modulating cellular senescence processes by interacting with molecular targets that regulate aging-related pathways. Phenolic compounds represent the major phytochemicals in our diet and possess several biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; protection against aging-related diseases (cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) with potential therapeutic applications and this could suggest that these compounds could be used as anti-aging nutraceutical support. In this review, we have considered the possible effects of some phenolic compounds in different aging pathways, to provide an overview of recent knowledge on their anti-aging mechanism of action.