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Purpose Based on a systematic review of policy documents in China related to teacher training over the past four decades, this paper identifies and analyzes the main policy shifts and strategies in terms of teacher training in China. Design/Approach/Methods Using quantitative trend analysis, high-frequency word analysis, and content analysis, this study presents the policy changes in and reform of China's national teacher training system and elucidates the reasons for such changes. Findings Chinese teacher training and practice reforms resonate with the paradigm shifts of international teacher training and development, particularly those based on real-world scenarios. However, innovations have also been made in response to the problems of Chinese in-service teacher training and development, such as the lack of time for teachers and the separation between learning and practice. Such innovations reflect the government's efforts to narrow the gaps between theory, policy, and practice by improving China's macro policy design. Originality/Value This study contributes to the longitudinal study of policy shifts in teacher training in China.