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In 2002, the American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry had developed the Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) based on a set of physical, environmental and general health factors. One of the components of CAT is children with chronic medical conditions requiring long term medication being at a risk of dental caries as a side-effect. Children on long term medication due to medical conditions consume syrups in bulk. The child′s oral health is often neglected due to the preoccupation of the parent with the child′s medical problem. Sometimes physicians are unaware of the high sugar content of medications. This review explores the detrimental effects of paediatric medications on oral health administered to chronically ill children and the risk to which children are exposed unknowingly.