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Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents against cancer have poor targeting and efficacy. With the development of nanomedicine, it is found that the stimulating response strategy based on nanomaterials can promote the gather, ingest and release of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumors through the response conditions of pH, redox, ROS and enzymes of the tumor microenvironment and external light, magnetic and other response conditions, thereby improving the safety and killing effect of the drug. This paper reviews the common nanomaterial-based stimulation response strategies and their role in tumor therapy, to provide some references for clinical application and future research.