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Vehicle exhaust seriously pollutes urban air and harms human health. Photocatalytic technology can effectively degrade automobile exhaust. This work prepared g-C₃N₄/CeO₂ photocatalytic material by constructing heterojunctions. Four kinds of g-C₃N₄/CeO₂ composite photocatalytic materials with different mass ratios were prepared. An indoor exhaust gas purification test was carried out under natural light and ultraviolet light irradiations. The optimum mass ratio of g-C₃N₄ material and CeO₂ material was determined by evaluating the exhaust gas degradation effective. Moreover, the structure and morphology of the g-C₃N₄/CeO₂ composite were investigated with microscopic characterization experiments (including XRD, TG-DSC, FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM and XPS). The results obtained were that the optimum mass ratio of g-C₃N₄ material to CeO₂ material was 0.75. The degradation efficiencies under ultraviolet irradiation in 60 min for HC, CO, CO₂, NO_X were 7.59%, 12.10%, 8.25% and 36.82%, respectively. Under visible light conditions, the degradation efficiency in 60 min for HC, CO, CO₂ and NO_X were 15.88%, 16.22%, 10.45% and 40.58%, respectively. This work is useful for purifying automobile exhaust in the future.