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Understanding the impact of environmental governance is one of the important questions in environmental studies. We hypothesize improvements in environmental governance to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases that trap heat in environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas and one of the major determinants of a country’s environmental quality. Using publicly available data for 120 countries, we test the relationship between environmental governance and anthropogenic CO2 emission using econometric modelling. We find that a unit increase in environmental governance leads to 0.36 metric tonnes reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emission. This study justifies the role of existing environmental governance initiatives, calling for more inter-country and intra-country agreements to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emission.