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This study aimed to identify the genes related to the body size of pigs by conducting genome-wide selection analysis (GWSA). We performed a GWSA scan on 50 pigs belonging to four small-bodied pig populations (Diannan small-eared pig, Bama Xiang pig, Wuzhishan pig, and Jeju black pig from South Korea) and 124 large-bodied pigs. We used the genetic parameters of the pairwise fixation index (F_ST) and π ratio (case/control) to screen candidate genome regions and genes related to body size. The results revealed 47,339,509 high-quality SNPs obtained from 174 individuals, while 280 interacting candidate regions were obtained from the top 1% signal windows of both parameters, along with 187 genes (e.g., <i>ADCK4</i>, <i>AMDHD2</i>, <i>ASPN</i>, <i>ASS1</i>, and <i>ATP6V0C</i>). The results of the candidate gene (CG) annotation showed that a series of CGs (e.g., <i>MSTN</i>, <i>LTBP4</i>, <i>PDPK1</i>, <i>PKMYT1</i>, <i>ASS1</i>, and <i>STAT6</i>) was enriched into the gene ontology terms. Moreover, molecular pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and AMPK signaling pathways, were verified to be related to body development. Overall, we identified a series of key genes that may be closely related to the body size of pigs, further elucidating the heredity basis of body shape determination in pigs and providing a theoretical reference for molecular breeding.