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Objective: Pelvic abscess during pregnancy is an uncommon complication, but can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes during pregnancy. Case report: We present a patient who developed rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess during pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Thirty-eight reported cases are reviewed, and transvaginal oocyte retrieval, genital tract infections, endometrioma, and previous pelvic surgery are considered as risk factors for pelvic abscess during pregnancy. Conclusion: Prolonging gestational duration when an infection situation is allowed is the principle of treatment.