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Abstract Eosinophilic COPD appears to be a distinct patient subgroup with an increased corticosteroid response. Eosinophilic COPD has been labelled as part of the asthma COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). We compared the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic COPD patients (without any clinical history of asthma) and COPD patients with a childhood history of asthma. COPD patients with asthma were characterised by more allergies and more exacerbations, but less eosinophilic inflammation. While terms such as “ACOS” are used to “lump” patients together, we report distinct differences between eosinophilic COPD and COPD patients with asthma, and propose that these groups should be split rather than lumped.