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We evaluated the effect and mechanism of yam polysaccharide on the proliferation of the prostatic cancer cell line and tumor-bearing mice. The effect of nanoyam polysaccharide on prostatic cancer cell line PC-3 was measured using the scratch adhesion test and flow cytometry. The growth effect induced by nanoyam polysaccharide was detected with the CCK-8 test. The levels of caspase-3 protein were determined with Western blot. In our data, nanoyam polysaccharide presented inhibitory effect on the proliferation of PC-3. The scratch adhesion test showed that the rate of wound healing in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Flow cytometry assay showed that, after treatment with nanoyam polysaccharide, the apoptosis rate in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (45.8%±2.6%, 25.8%±3.1%; p<0.05). Western blot assay showed upregulated levels of caspase-3 in the intervention group, compared to the control group (p<0.05). Our results suggested that nanoyam polysaccharide strongly suppressed the growth of prostatic cancer by inducing the overexpression of caspase-3 and may be a potent anticancer strategy.