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<i>Background and objective:</i> The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between cumulative and peak formaldehyde exposure and occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia. <i>Material and Methods:</i> A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies presenting information about the role of formaldehyde in leukemic occurrence and mortality risk. Then, full texts of the selected references were assessed, and references of included studies were checked to identify additional articles. <i>Result:</i> The information was then summarized and organized in the present review. A total of 81 articles were obtained from the search. <i>Conclusion:</i> Findings from the review of the literature do not support the hypothesis that formaldehyde is a cause of acute myeloid leukemia.