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The GASA Gene Family in Cacao (<i>Theobroma cacao</i>, Malvaceae): Genome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
oleh: Abdullah, Sahar Faraji, Furrukh Mehmood, Hafiz Muhammad Talha Malik, Ibrar Ahmed, Parviz Heidari, Peter Poczai
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-07-01 |
Deskripsi
The gibberellic acid-stimulated <i>Arabidopsis</i> (<i>GASA/GAST</i>) gene family is widely distributed in plants and involved in various physiological and biological processes. These genes also provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. We are interested in characterizing the <i>GASA</i> gene family and determining its role in various physiological and biological process in <i>Theobroma cacao</i>. Here, we report 17 <i>tcGASA</i> genes distributed on six chromosomes in <i>T. cacao</i>. The gene structure, promoter region, protein structure and biochemical properties, expression, and phylogenetics of all <i>tcGASA</i>s were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses divided tcGASA proteins into five groups. Among 17 <i>tcGASA</i> genes, nine segmentally duplicating genes were identified which formed four pairs and cluster together in phylogenetic tree. Differential expression analyses revealed that most of the <i>tcGASA</i> genes showed elevated expression in the seeds (cacao food), implying their role in seed development. The differential expression of <i>tcGASAs</i> was recorded between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars of cacao, which indicating their possible role as fungal resistant. Our findings provide new insight into the function, evolution, and regulatory system of the <i>GASA</i> family genes in <i>T.</i><i>cacao</i> and may suggest new target genes for development of fungi-resistant cacao varieties in breeding programs.