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Abstract Aiming at the influence of underwater acoustic channel (UAC) profile difference on the performance of underwater acoustic communication, a variable observation window length blind equalization detector (VOWL-BED) is proposed in this paper. Compared with the existing methods, the observation window length (OWL) of the proposed VOWL-BED can be dynamically regulated on the basis of a given UAC profile and finally converge to the optimum OWL. We have verified the feasibility of the OWL regulation. The simulation results also demonstrate that the VOWL-BED can achieve better performance than the conventional invariable OWL blind equalization detector (IOWL-BED).