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A number of studies have confirmed the relationship between constipation and gut microbiota. Additionally, many human and animal experiments have identified probiotics as effectors for the relief of constipation symptoms. In this study, probiotic compounds, including <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> LA11-Onlly, <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> LR22, <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> LE16, <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> LP-Onlly, and <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> BI516, were administered to mice with loperamide-induced constipation, and the impacts of these strains on constipation-related indicators and gut microbiota were evaluated. The effects of probiotic compounds on constipation relief were associated with various aspects, including gastrointestinal transit rate, number and weight of stools, serum and intestinal gastrointestinal regulatory hormones, and serum cytokines. Some of the probiotic compounds, including <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i>, <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, and <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i>, were found to colonize the intestinal tract. Furthermore, higher dosages promoted the colonization of specific strains. This study yields a new perspective for the clinical use of probiotics to improve constipation symptoms by combining strains with different mechanisms for the alleviation of constipation.