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One-dimensional semiconductor colloidal nanostructures such as nanorods and core-shell dot-in-rods can now be synthesized with excellent chemical stability and photostability, large absorption cross section, reduced blinking, and high quantum efficiency. These structures have generated great interest because, compared to spherical nanocrystals, their morphology is attributed to their specific electronic and optical properties, such as increased charge transfer and large polarization anisotropy. They are very good candidates for application in photovoltaics, lighting, and visualization and even for biomedical applications.